Publications Archives – Page 8 of 13 – Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering

Evolutions of bonding wires used in semiconductor electronics: perspective over 25 years

March 25, 2015 By Editor

Abstract – The objective of this review is to study the evolution and key findings and critical technical challenges, solutions and future trend of bonding wires used in semiconductor electronics. Evolutions of bonding wires from Au to Cu and till the most recent silver (Ag) wire (perspective over 25 years packaging technology) have been discussed in this paper. The reliability performances of Au wire bonding, technical barriers of Cu wire bonding and corrosion mechanisms of Cu ball bonds are analyzed and covered. We focus on the influence of a variety of factors that have been reported recently, including reliability performance, wear out reliability performance that determine the selection of bonding wires to reach for developing high reliability of bonded devices. In the end of this review, the evolutions and future trends of bonding wires are compared and illustrated, which have marked
effect based on the materials properties as well as reliability of wire types.

Keywords – bonding wires, semiconductor electronics, packaging technology

Corresponding Author: Uda Hashim
Corresponding Author’s Email: uda@unimap.edu.my

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A Portable Automatic Endpoint Detection System for Amplicons of Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification on Microfluidic Compact Disk Platform

March 6, 2015 By Editor

Abstract – In recent years, many improvements have been made in foodborne pathogen detection methods to reduce the impact of food contamination. Several rapid methods have been developed with biosensor devices to improve the way of performing pathogen detection. This paper presents an automated endpoint detection system for amplicons generated by loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on a microfluidic compact disk platform. The developed detection system utilizes a monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) emitter for excitation of fluorescent labeled LAMP amplicons and a color sensor to detect the emitted florescence from target. Then it processes the sensor output and displays the detection results on liquid crystal display (LCD). The sensitivity test has been performed with detection limit up to 2.5 × 10−3 ng/µL with different DNA concentrations of Salmonella bacteria. This system allows a rapid and automatic endpoint detection which could lead to the development of a point-of-care diagnosis device for foodborne pathogens detection in a resource-limited environment.

Keywords – pathogen, Salmonella, food safety, diagnosis, LAMP, multiplexed detection, endpoint detection system, microfluidics, compact disc, lab-on-a-CD

Corresponding Author: Uda Hashim
Corresponding Author’s Email: uda@unimap.edu.my

Full text: PDF

Fabrication of Interdigitated Electrodes (IDE’s) by Conventional Photolithography Technique for pH Measurement Using Micro-Gap Structure

January 12, 2015 By Editor

Abstract – Micro interdigitated electrodes (IDE’s) have successfully been fabricated and characterized amperometrically for the electrochemical detection of the pH concentration and bio-molecules. In the present work, aluminium (Al) is used act as the metal contact (electrodes) deposited on the silicon substrate using a thermal evaporator (PVD) vacuum coater. The simple conventional photolithography was applied to fabricate the micro-gap capacitive transducer. IDE’s mask is designed using the aid of AutoCAD software for the detection of bio-substance which is an extremely small scale in size before being transferred to commercial chrome mask. The fabricated micro-gap sensor will then further evaluated through surface topology and electrical characteristic. The surface topology was implemented using AFM, LPM, SEM and HPM. The electrical measurements were carried out using a Dielectric analyzer (DA) with 2400 source meter (KEITHLEY) to examine the electrical characteristics such as capacitance and conductance. Purchased pH buffer solutions which varied from pH4 to pH 10 is dropped on the surface of microelectrode and the effect on it is investigated for the application in pH measurement. This study has proven that an increase in the concentration of acidic to alkaline pH leads to proportional to the capacitance.

Corresponding Author: Uda Hashim
Corresponding Author’s Email: uda@unimap.edu.my

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Fluorescence-Signaling Aptasensor for ATP and PDGF Detection on Functionalized Diamond Surface

January 2, 2015 By Editor

Abstract – An aminated diamond-based aptasensor is presented for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) detection. In this work, a signal-off detection method was employed to provide a sensitive, selective and reusable platform for the simple detection of PDGF and ATP. The detection limit of 0.2 nMand 0.2 μMof PDGF and ATP were achieved, respectively. It was also demonstrated in this study that the aptasensor is selective for PDGF and ATP over other biomolecules. In addition, the reusability of the aptasensor was confirmed by performing multiple cycles, which shows that diamond is a promising candidate as a material for biosensor applications. Moreover, this detection system does not require a target label and it is unaffected by non-specific binding.

Corresponding Author: Ruslinda Abdul Rahim
Corresponding Author’s Email: ruslinda@unimap.edu.my

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Effect of different solvents on the structural and optical properties of zinc oxide thin films for optoelectronic applications

January 2, 2015 By Editor

Abstract – Zinc oxide (ZnO) seed solutions were prepared using 4 different solvents, namely, methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME). The prepared seed solutions were used to synthesize ZnO thin films using a low-cost sol–gel spin-coating method. The effect of different solvents on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and an ultraviolet–visible–near infrared spectrophotometer (UV–vis–NIR). The images obtained in the FESEM and AFM showed that the thin film prepared using 2-ME has the smallest grain size. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the synthesized ZnO films are polycrystalline with preferred orientation along the (002) plane, whereas the IPA- derived films have a preferred orientation on (101) plane. The ZnO thin film synthesized with 2-ME has the highest transmittance (>90%), lowest surface roughness of 3.131 nm and highest band gap energy of 3.28 eV. The experimental data are in agreement with the calculated results by specific models of refractive index.

Keywords – Zinc oxide, Solvents, Optical, Structural, Sol–gel

Corresponding Author: Foo Kai Loong
Corresponding Author’s Email: klfoo@unimap.edu.my

Full text: PDF

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